FORGOTTEN LABOR DAY
A Worship Service by Patrick Murfin
September 3, 2006
Congregational Unitarian Church
Woodstock, Illinois
It’s Labor Day. For most Americans it is just the left bookend of the summer, one last extra day off to spend time with family or to relax. It’s a guilt free holiday. Unlike Memorial Day there will be no pesky editorials or old guys in VFW caps to complain about forgetting the sacrifices of our troops. There will be no Fourth of July calls by politicians to take time out to remember the Blessings of Liberty. No body nags you about Labor Day, except maybe the merchants who stuff you Sunday paper full of extra ad inserts eager to goad you into one last buying frenzy before the long dry spell until Christmas.
When I was searching my clip art collections to put together the order of service for today, I found dozens of illustrations of cook outs and barbeques. I found pictures of guys dozing in hammocks. I even saw a couple of graphics of women about to deliver a baby. I found one—count them one—that showed working people gathered to mark the holiday. And my clip art collection includes not only the package in Microsoft Word, but a program called “Big Box of Art” which advertises 350,000 images and thousands more in the Print Shop Deluxe program I used to create the bulletin in your hands.
I was an elementary school custodian for more than twenty years. At this time of year classrooms were still festooned with back to school decorations or generic symbols of fall like turning leaves, acorns, and footballs. Ground Hog Day got more decorative attention than Labor Day. And there were no special lessons, hand-outs, or videos. In the rush to get the kids settled back in for the school year, Labor Day is forgotten. Kids just weren’t taught about it.
You get the picture by now. Labor Day is the Rodney Dangerfield of holiday—it gets no respect.
So how did this come to pass? I submit that it is because American culture in general does not value the people the holiday is supposed to celebrate—the working class. In fact high school civics ideology holds that America is somehow classless. Not classless in the leveling way of despised communism, but absent permanent economic castes. Even the most humble may rise. In fact it is generationally expected. Your great grandfather may have started pushing a cart and sweeping up horse dung from the city streets, but here you are with a three car garage and a six figure income. In fact failure to make those leaps is generally regarded as moral and intellectual failure.
Then there is the image that the word “worker” conjures in the mind. Think of our opening song, Tennessee Ernie Ford’s famous version of “Sixteen Tons.” The coal miner is born in want and degradation. His job is dangerous, back breaking, and filthy. He is the victim of the bosses in the pit and the company store which keeps him in a kind of permanent serfdom. Naturally he is angry. But he is ignorant and brutish that he can express his violent rage only against the hapless victims who cross his path. He is more to be feared than pitied. Who wants to identify with that?
Most Americans of the professional, managerial, and entrepreneurial classes—and that includes most of the folks in this room—don’t think of themselves as “workers,” a term evocative of dirt under the fingernails, sweat, and dumb toil. More over they associate “Labor” only with unions, now viewed mostly as at best a quaint but irrelevant remnant and often reviled as an impediment to modernizing the economy and rationalizing the work force. What’s to celebrate about that? Better to throw one last steak on the barbeque and start thinking about football.
Class is a dirty word in this country. We prefer not to think about it. Good, middle class Americans are thought to believe that they have more in common with John Welch, Bill Gates, and the Walton family—Sam’s kin, not the scruffy denizens of a Depression mountain top—than with blue collar, pink collar, no collar schlumps chained to a time clock. Is it any wonder that a cultural disdain is widespread. It may not be as in-your-face as the British class system, but it is just about as pervasive. We need to face it. There is a wide spread predjudice—yes predjudice against those who are precieved as working class in this country.
As Unitarian Universalists, we may believe we are above that. We are famously open minded. We treasure our historic connection with the women’s movement from suffrage to the ERA and gender equity. We brag about our abolitionist roots and our embrace of the Civil Rights movement. The Unitarian Universalist Association identifies itself not just as racially tolerant but as “anti-racist.” We have embraced the gay, lesbian and transgendered, flown our rainbow flags, and proclaimed our support for same sex marriage. Surely we wouldn’t harbor any kind of lingering prejudice. Think again.
Almost totally missing from the parade of progressive causes that have been supported by Unitarians, Universalists, and UUs of today is the cause of labor. In the 19th Century, especially around the Unitarian Jerusalem of Boston, dominated by the wealth families of merchants, bankers and mill owner collectively know as the Brahmins, there was a bristling hostility toward the emerging labor movement—and the filthy immigrants who swelled the ranks of the working class.
Famously, the sons of Unitarianism’s finest families were part of a Harvard College based Massachusetts National Guard company that eagerly responded to the call to suppress the famous Lawrence Textile strike of 1912. They shot and bayoneted the strikers, overwhelmingly immigrant women. They bragged about it in letters home, some of which were approvingly read from Boston pulpits. By the way, today’s hymn, “As We Come Marching, Marching” commemorates that strike.
Out here in the Midwest the Western Unitarian Conference led by Jenkin Lloyd Jones, did try to connect to the labor movement. Back east mavericks like John Jayne Holmes also tried. But there efforts were largely marginalized. Except for here and there, the great wave of unionizing during the 1930’s passed by without Unitarian or Universalist support.
Today, demographers tell us that Unitarian Universalists enjoy the second highest per capita income of all American denominations. Only those silk stocking Episcopalians bring down more. This is not because there are a lot of really rich folks in UU churches. There are not. Former UUA President John Buehrens ruefully observed a few years go that we had driven away the traditional old money Unitarian families making his job a chief fundraiser a lot more difficult. The high average income of UU’s is due to the overwhelming preponderance of college educated professionals among us on one hand and the almost total absence of both the truly poor and those with less than college educations on the other. Our current view of the working classes may have less to do with an investment in economic lordship than a lingering arrogance based pride of academic achievement and professional standing.
A couple of stories may illustrate some unspoken attitudes.
Some years ago I led a work shop at a Central Mid West District conference. The discussion was lively and several people lingered to talk after the session ended. One woman, a delegate from Peoria, was effusive in her praise for my presentation. But she called me “Reverend.” I gently corrected her, “I’m not a minister, I’m a school custodian.” She looked like she had been slapped in the face, spun on her heals and departed without another word. I later was seated at the same table with her at lunch. She was a school teacher, she told those around her. Then she went into a bitter denunciation of striking Caterpillar tractor workers, who had been out for more than a year. “They divided Peoria,” she said, “They tore our community apart.” It never occurred to her that the company might be at least equally to blame. I asked her if she had any Caterpillar workers in her church. She said there were some retired managers, but no union workers. But she did have the children of some of “those people” in her classes.
An aberration you say. Perhaps. Certainly an extreme case most of us would be more circumspect in our comments. But consider this.
In 2000 delegates to the UUA General Assembly in Nashville adopted a Statement of Conscience on “Economic Injustice, Poverty and Racism.” It was the culmination of years of work by organizations like UU for a Just Economic Community and a handful of committed congregations to get the Association to take on the issues of class in America. To say that it was hard fought to come to fruition is to put it mildly. I participated in some of the drafting sessions and I believe even contributed a phase or two to the final document. But the procedure cut out some of the toughest provisions of the original proposal and generally softened the language. The final document called on UU congregations to do things like work toward fair wage and benefits; access to adequate housing and social services; and the removal of environmental and occupational hazards that disproportionately affected low income people. Hardly revolutionary stuff. But supporter looked forward to UU congregations tackling these issues with the energy that they had applied to the civil rights, gender equity, and gay rights movements.
In an e-mail to me, UUA President Beuhrens, predicted that nothing would come of it. “We are not ready for a tough conversation on class.” He was right. The Statement of Conscience was widely ignored by congregations, including this one. Those few who were committed to the struggle soldiered on, but effectively no one else did.
On the insert in the order of service you have probably noticed and insert quiz titled “What Do You Really Think of the Working Class.” Don’t worry, we are not going to collect them, or even ask any one to stand up and recite their answers. The questions are tongue in cheek. But if you answer them to yourselves honestly, some of you may be surprised by what you learn.
Given all of this cultural baggage, it is to be expected that most Americans do not want to be identified with the working class or feel that they have much to celebrate this holiday except some time off work.
But consider this: The great majority of Americans are totally dependent on wages and tips or social security and pensions for virtually all of their income. The ownership society so beloved by our president and conservative ideologs is largely a myth. The overwhelming majority of capital assets, including stocks and bonds are held by the top ten percent of the population. Those in the top fifth through ninth deciles of the population typically have less that $5000 in total assets invested in securities, including mutual funds, IRAs and pension funds. Virtually all of their wealth is in the value of their homes. Those in the bottom half of all households generally have no investments at all.
While most families are dependent on earnings from employment, the share of wages and salaries now makes up the lowest share of the nation’s gross domestic product since record keeping began in 1947. Real wages have declined 2 percent since 2003 while corporate profits are at the highest levels since the 1960’s. A decline like this during an economic and as worker productivity has skyrocketed is unprecedented.
Yet the administration boasts that during the same period average family income has increased. How can that be? It is because virtually all income growth has occurred among the top 10 percent, the true ownership class in America. That growth reflects not only return on investment, but the fact that compensation packages for top corporate leaders have soared. CEO’s of Fortune 500 firms now typically make more before lunch on the first business day of the year than an worker at the statistical mean earns in a year.
The fact is that virtually all of us are just hired hands--even those with six figure incomes, professional titles and status, and who may be charged with the direction of many other employees. As much as we may be loath to admit it, most of us are wage slaves.
Further consider these other alarming trends:
- Income from wages has stagnated, and by some measurements steadily fallen over the last thirty years relative to inflation. A rise in the value of benefits which has tended to soften wage erosion has been reversed as more and more employees are stripped of health benefits and pensions.
- As work forces in industry after industry have been cut to the bone, productivity has soared—but American workers now routinely put in more hours at work than when the eight hour day supposedly became standard in the 1930’s. And that does not include the rising number of people holding down second jobs or those who cannot find full time employment and stitch together two or three part time positions totaling more than a standard work week. American workers also have much less vacation time available and paid holidays than in comparable industrial nations.
- While the demands for overtime have grown, recent administrative law changes have redefined millions of workers who give even casual instruction to others as “management” and others who require almost any level of “special training” to hold their jobs as “professionals.” In both cases employer are free to convert the workers to a salary basis, ineligible for per-hour overtime premium pay.
- Despite recent efforts, the Federal Minimum Wage remains frozen at a level that fails to raise even a full time worker above the poverty line. Due to inflation the Minimum Wage buys less today than at any time since its inception. Friends and foes of increasing it agree that it also serves as a floor to wages for workers in other low wage jobs.
- Employers in all categories have “shifted the burden” of health care onto employees. That means dramatically raising premiums, increasing deductibles and co-payments, slashing or capping benefits, and even eliminating health coverage for workers altogether.
- Traditional pension funds are in jeopardy. Over the decades companies under funded their pension plans to pay for other priorities. As a result many plans are now or soon will be in bankruptcy. Hard pressed industries, lead by commercial aviation, are getting court permission to walk away from their plans entirely leaving the Federal Government holding the bag. Workers will get pennies on the dollar of expected retirement income. Recent pension reform law signed into law this summer gives companies seven additional years to fund their pensions. In fact it is expected that many more companies will terminate their plans or convert them to largely employee funded IRA accounts over the next decade. Millions of wage dependent workers will never be able to fully retire until they are literally too ill or feeble to continue to work.
- The cost of higher education, traditionally the ticket out of the working class for the children of laborers, has skyrocketed while financial aid has stagnated. Students must turn increasingly to loans to pay for their education. And federal student loan rates just went up again. Students are graduating with tens of thousands of dollars in debt which will strangle their ability to use their income to start a family or buy a home. The old idea that any one who is good enough to get into college can get an education is going by the wayside.
- Dramatic spikes in energy costs threaten to further eat away further at stagnant income and many economists believe we may be entering a period of sustained inflation.
- The housing boom is bust. Falling home prices erode the value of the only asset of most working families.
- World economic policies continue to encourage the out-migration of jobs. While in the past this was confined largely to manufacturing, it has spread to the service industries, and now even to professionals.
- While jobs have been created during the current boom, they have been concentrated on the low end and on the very high end. Most of those whose jobs evaporated never replace their old earnings.
I could go on, but you get the picture. As one expert dryly noted “There are two economies out there. One has been just white hot, going great guns. Those are the people who have benefited from globalization, technology, greater productivity, and higher corporate income. And then there are the working stiffs…they’re not getting ahead despite the fact they are working very hard. And there are a lot more people in that group than the other.”
Another observes that the bottom half of the middle class is sliding into poverty and most of the rest is barely treading water.
So welcome to the club. We are all workers after all. Once we realize that the grease monkey and college professor are in the same boat, maybe we can get over our old dreads and suspicions and work together to get ourselves out of this pickle.
Happy Labor Day, Fellow Workers!
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You might find our concluding song a bit odd. I wrote it more than thirty years ago when I was a young organizer for the Industrial Workers of the World in Chicago. At the time the taxi industry was undergoing a sea change. Checker and Yellow Cabs, which held 80% of the city cab licenses, were trying to rid themselves of their hourly unionized drivers and their benefits. They were shifting to a lease/independent contractor model used by their independent competitors. They were replacing their veteran drivers. A lot of the new ones were recruited from the large pool of local hippies. One evening while enjoying two dollar pitchers of beer with a bunch of fellow Wobblies at our favorite Lincoln Ave hangout, Johnny Weiss’s, a large bunch of these long haired drivers came in and took over a table. They were complaining. Now that they had been used to ease out hourly drivers, the companies had imposed a dress code and were firing them, replacing them with the first wave of immigrant drivers who would come to dominate the industry. Inspired, I went home and wrote a song stealing the tune from Woody Guthrie’s “Oklahoma Hills.” It was printed in the INDUSTRIAL WORKER and sung in folksy saloons before becoming quickly forgotten. I resurrect it now because like the long haired taxi driver in the song, many of us share in denial of our working class roots and depend on one “drug” or another to help us forget.
HE WE ARE IN AMERICA, GLORY!
Lyrics: Patrick Mufrin (writing as Wobbly Murf)
Melody: Woody Guthrie—The Oklahoma Hills
From the INDUSTRIAL WORKER circa 1972
Here we are in America, Glory!
Livin’ through this wonderful story,
In the dark and dreary slum where I was born,
Steel mills ridin’ on my daddy’s shoulders.
‘Til he just couldn’t get older,
In the dark and dreary slum where I was born.
Now I’ve left home for good,
Wouldm’t live there if I could,
Cause workin’ all your life is such a drag,
Oh, my daddy was a fool,
I won’t stay in his old bag,
I’ll hitch hike, smoke dope, and sure be cool.
Here we are in America, Glory!
Livin’ through this wonderful story,
In the groovy part of town where I live now,
Sun shines day, and moon shines night
And I’m just too stoned to fight,
In the groovy part of town where I live now.
Now sometimes I drive a hack,
And I get stoned when I get back,
Workin’ to get high is what I do.
Now don’t give me your stuff,
For the real world makes me blue,
And I been hearin’ ‘bout it quite enough.
Here we are in America, Glory!
Livin’ through this wonderful story,
In the groovy part of town where I live now,
Sun shines day, and moon shines night
And I’m just too stoned to fight,
In the groovy part of town where I live now.
But they’ve thrown longhairs of the job,
Treated me like any slob,
Last month’s rent is waitin’ to get paid,
There’s no food upon the shelf
And I really am afraid,
What can I do a standing by myself?
Here we are in America, Glory!
Livin’ through this wonderful story,
In the dark and dreary slum where I was born,
Sittin’ and a starvin’ on grass and acid,
I may be hungry, but I sure am placid,
In the dark and dreary slum where I was born.